The changelogs are currently being added, and some versions are missing.
Changes compared to Caves & Cliffs: Part I
Here is a demo video.
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New world height and depth
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New mountain biomes (lofty peaks, snowcapped peaks, grove, meadow, and snowy slopes)
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New cave generation (cheese, spaghetti, and noodle caves)
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Local water levels and lava levels in the underground
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New cave biomes generate naturally underground and inside mountains (lush caves, dripstone caves)
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Natural variation in terrain shape and elevation, independently from biomes. For example, forests and deserts could form up on a hill without needing a special biome just for that.
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New ore distribution (see this chart)
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Large ore veins
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Integrated mountains, caves, and cave entrances.
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Monsters will only spawn in complete darkness